Rinaldo d'Este (1618–1672)

[1] Little is known of his early Church career but he was elevated to cardinal by Pope Urban VIII at the request of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1641; and this was published in the consistory of 16 December that year.

As a result, Rinaldo d'Este refused to travel to Rome to receive his cardinal's hat.

Later he returned to Rome upon hearing that the Admiral of Castile was visiting as ambassador of the Kingdom of Spain.

Eventually, the conflict was quelled when Pope Innocent ordered his own troops to enter Rome to keep the peace, though several militiamen on both sides were killed.

At various times he returned to Modena to rule in his brother's absence, his nephew Rinaldo being too young to take his father's place.