It supports about 200 families engaged in extraction of forest products, small-scale farming and animal husbandry.

The Rio Gregório Extractive Reserve is divided between the municipalities of Ipixuna (58.76%) and Eirunepé (41.22%) in the state of Amazonas.

[2] The Rio Gregório Extractive Reserve was created by Amazonas state decree 26.586 of 25 April 2007 with an area of 477,042.3 hectares (1,178,797 acres).

The Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA, National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform) recognised the reserve on 12 November 2007 as supporting 157 families of small farmers, who would qualify for PRONAF assistance.

[5] On 24 February and 3 March 2015 about 270 inhabitants of the reserve participated in a major event led by the Amazonas Sustainable Foundation promoting health, education and citizenship.

This included pre-registration of 425 elementary school children and distribution of almost 4,000 sachets for purifying water on the reserve.

It was expected that 19 teachers would give lessons in 15 schools in the reserve built or renovated by the Bolsa Floresta over the previous four years.

The Rio Tapajós saki (Pithecia irrorata vanzolini), emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator subgriscenses), brown-mantled tamarin (Saguinus fuscicollis melanoleucus) and bald uakari (Cacajao calvus novaesi) are endemic to this area of the Amazon.

Threats include possible release of buffalo, pigs and other exotic species that threaten the ecosystems, over-fishing, trade in wildlife and domestic livestock, and illegal logging.