Rosslau (in German orthography: Roßlau) was until 30 June 2007 a town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, belonging to the district Anhalt-Zerbst.

It has a ducal residence, an old castle, a handsome parish church, and manufactures of machinery, paper, sealing-wax, wire goods, sugar, bricks and chemicals.

The construction of the bridge over the Elbe River occurred in 1583 and just 20 years later the town was chartered and received its right to hold markets.

From 1765-1767 Rosslau was a point of origin for colonial crusades of the Russian Tsarina Catherine the Great, a princess of the principality of Anhalt-Zerbst.

From 1836-1838 Henry, Duke of Anhalt-Köthen prompted the renovation of the deteriorating medieval castle in a gothic and romantic fashion.

In the following years the connection to the network of the Berlin-Anhalt Railway Company,[3] the foundation of fabrics, newspapers and shipyards took place.

This gave Rosslau the status of a country town, which it hold until 30 Juny 1994, before it became part of the Anhalt-Zerbst district.

Architects’ offices from Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Hungary, Finland and France created the plans and a few conspicuous buildings were built.

Rosslau also has a main train station with connections to Dessau, Magdeburg, Berlin, Halle, Bitterfeld and Lutherstadt Wittenberg.