Robert Charles Matthews, PC (June 14, 1871 – September 19, 1952) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Lindsay, Ontario, Matthews came from a background where public service to others was lauded as a worthy pursuit.

Re-elected in the 1930 Canadian federal election under the cabinet of R. B. Bennett, from December 1933 to August 1935, Matthews was the Minister of National Revenue.

In addition Matthews was appointed a member of The Queen's Privy Council, December 1933.

Matthews enjoyed nautical pursuits and supporting Canadian cricket in both Canada and England.