Robert Frederick Coleman (November 22 1954 – March 24, 2014) was an American mathematician, and professor at the University of California, Berkeley.

While there John H. Coates provided him with a problem for his doctoral thesis ("Division Values in Local Fields"), which he completed at Princeton University in 1979 under the advising of Kenkichi Iwasawa.

Applications of Coleman integration include an effective version of Chabauty's theorem concerning rational points on curves and a new proof of the Manin-Mumford conjecture, originally proved by Michel Raynaud.

In 1990, Coleman found a gap in Manin's proof of the Mordell conjecture over function fields and managed to fill it in.

With José Felipe Voloch, Coleman established an important unchecked compatibility in Benedict Gross's theory of companion forms.