Robert Geoffrey William Anderson, FSA, FRSE, FRSC (born 2 May 1944) is a British museum curator and historian of chemistry.

He studied the electrical conduction in free radical solutions and inelastic scattering of neutrons from adsorbed molecules.

[11] This was followed bty a catalogue in 1978: The Playfair Collection and the Teaching of Chemistry at the University of Edinburgh 1713–1858.

[15] Anderson oversaw the £100 million millennium project redevelopment of the British Museum's Queen Elizabeth II Great Court, designed by Norman Foster and opened by the Queen on 6 December 2000.

[2] Anderson has held visiting academic posts at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton University and at the Centre for Research in the Arts, Social Sciences, and Humanities (CRASSH) at the University of Cambridge (2002–2003).

[1] As of 28 July 2016, Anderson became interim president and CEO of the Chemical Heritage Foundation (now the Science History Institute),[20] a history of science organization in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Robert Anderson is a recipient of the Dexter Award (1986)[30] and of the Paul Bunge Prize, which he was awarded in 2016 for a lifetime of "outstanding achievement in writing about and promoting the understanding of historic scientific instruments".