Robert Morrison Olyphant (September 9, 1824 – May 3, 1918) was an American businessman active in New York City and China in the late 19th century.

He served as president of the Delaware and Hudson Railroad for 20 years.

[2] After graduating from Columbia College in 1842,[3] he entered his father's firm, Olyphant & Co., in 1842.

[4] Olyphant was named for the Scottish missionary Robert Morrison, who was a friend of his father from Canton (now Guangzhou), China.

[2] He died on May 3, 1918, at his home at 160 West Fifty-ninth Street in Manhattan, New York City.