Robert Rivington Pilkington (8 February 1870 – 30 June 1942) was an Irish politician who sat in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly and the British House of Commons.
He was educated at Uppingham and Pembroke College, Cambridge, attaining a Bachelor of Arts before being called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1893.
On 22 July 1917, Pilkington was elected to the Legislative Assembly seat of Perth in a by-election occasioned by the resignation of James Connolly, who had been appointed Agent-General for Western Australia in London.
Pilkington returned to England later in 1921, and at the 1922 general election he stood unsuccessfully as a Liberal Party candidate for the two-member House of Commons constituency of Dundee.
Pilkington was nominated to oppose Winston Churchill by a rebel group of Liberals including Garnet Wilson.