In 1900 he received his medical doctorate from Munich, and went to work at the Pathological Institute of the University of Kiel.
In 1929 he succeeded Otto Lubarsch (1860–1933) in the department of pathology at the Charité in Berlin,[1] where he remained until 1948.
He described aspects associated with a form of secondary biliary cirrhosis that was once referred to as "Hanot–Rössle syndrome" (named in conjunction with French physician Victor Charles Hanot (1844–1896)).
Rössle published over 300 medical papers, and was editor of 39 volumes of Virchow's Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische Medicin (now: Virchows Archiv).
It is located at the Max-Delbrück-Center of Molecular Medicine at the Humboldt University of Berlin.