Robert Rochfort (9 December 1652 – 10 October 1727) was a leading Irish lawyer, politician and judge of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.

Rochfort was born 9 December 1652, the second son of Lt.-Col. James (nick-named "Prime-Iron") Rochfort (d. 1652), a Cromwellian soldier, and his wife Thomasina (née Pigott) Hull, daughter of Sir Robert Pigott of Dysart Manor, County Laois, and widow of Argentine Hull of Leamcon, County Cork.

This was both a challenge to Poynings' Law and the Irish executive, leading to a constitutional crisis, resolved by a compromise in the parliamentary session of 1695.

He played a key role in the impeachment of the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, Sir Charles Porter, on charges of judicial misconduct in 1695.

He remained in this position until 1714, when, on the death of Anne, Queen of Great Britain, along with almost all his colleagues on the Bench, he was dismissed from office on account of his political sympathies.

Through his eldest son, he was a grandfather of Robert Rochfort, who was raised to the Irish peerage in 1737 as Baron Belfield and made Earl of Belvedere in 1757.