His work on logic, Logicae Artis Compendium (1615), was long a standard treatise on the subject.

In her introduction to the 1985 facsimile edition, E. J. Ashworth writes that "The young Isaac Newton studied Sanderson's logic at Cambridge, and as late as 1704."

Thomas Heywood of St. John's College, Ashworth adds, recommended Newton "Sanderson or Aristotle himself".

Sanderson's sermons were also admired; but he is perhaps best remembered for his Nine Cases of Conscience Resolved (1678), in consideration of which he has been placed at the head of English casuists.

[2] He was a Calvinist in theology and believed only some individuals were predestined to salvation and eternal life by their calling from God.