Sir Robert Sheffield MP (before 1462 – 10 August 1518) was an English lawyer and Member of Parliament.

Robert Sheffield was born before 1462 in Butterwick, Lincolnshire to Sir Robert Sheffield MP (1432 – 18 August 1502) of South Cave, Yorkshire and Jane Lounde, the daughter and coheir of Alexander Lownde of Butterwick, Lincolnshire.

After Sheffield's death in 1518 his widow married secondly Sir John Grey of Blisworth, Northamptonshire, a younger son of Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset by his second wife, Cecily Bonville, and thirdly Sir Richard Clement, of Ightham Mote, Kent.

In 1516, he was charged with negligence as a justice of the peace and was summoned before the Star Chamber but negotiated a pardon.

Six months later he was incarcerated in the Tower of London after complaining against Cardinal Wolsey, and brought before the Star Chamber again, and this time asked the King for mercy.