Robert de Croÿ (1500–1556) was a Prince-Bishop of Cambrai in the Holy Roman Empire.

His uncle, William de Croÿ, Lord of Chièvres, was one of the most trusted councillors of the future Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. When Robert's older brother, William, resigned the see of Cambrai to mollify Castilian opposition to his appointment as an absentee Archbishop of Toledo, dynastic politics led to Robert's election as successor, even though he was not yet of canonical age.

[1] Croÿ was elected on 15 December 1519,[2] but had to complete his education before he could assume his functions.

He was tutored by the Spanish humanist Juan Luis Vives, and then studied at Leuven University, partly residing at the castle of his oldest brother, Philippe, in Heverlee.

[1] From 8 June to 25 August 1546 he personally participated in the deliberations of the Council of Trent.