Roberto Federico Souper Onfray (2 May 1927 – 24 August 2015) was a Chilean military officer who launched an unsuccessful coup d'état against the Allende administration, surrounding the presidential palace with a tank regiment.

Souper had one son, Gustavo, who did not follow the family military tradition, and instead operated a small hotel in Puerto Bories, in the XII Región of Chile (Magallanes).

There is no reliable evidence that the United States actively assisted or even approved of Souper's tanquetazo and given the absurdly uncoordinated nature of the event, and the lack of support for it within the rest of the Chilean military, such a connection is considered unlikely.

Souper, detained under the Allende administration and under prosecution for sedition in a military court, was released following the successful coup on 11 September 1973.

In 2005 the daughter of the Swedish-Argentine filmmaker Leonardo Henrichsen, who was killed near the La Moneda presidential palace during the Tanquetazo, initiated legal proceedings in Chile against those responsible for the death of her father.