Rosenbaum was born in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and attended Pine Crest School in Florida.

Rosenbaum received her Juris Doctor magna cum laude, in 1991 from the University of Miami School of Law.

[2] Rosenbaum then clerked for Judge Stanley Marcus of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit in 1998.

From 1998 to 2007, she served as an Assistant United States Attorney in the Southern District of Florida, becoming Chief of the Economic Crime Section in Fort Lauderdale in 2002[1] and focused extensively on elder financial abuse and fraud.

[1] On November 7, 2013, President Barack Obama nominated Rosenbaum to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.