Rodolphe-Auguste was born on 9 June 1817 in Liège, Belgium where his parents had settled due to his father's pro-Napoleonic allegiances.
[1] He was the only child of Count Philippe Antoine d'Ornano, Marshal of France, and Countess Marie Walewska,[2] who died in Paris shortly afterwards due to a prolonged kidney illness.
[3] His paternal grandparents were Lodovico Antonio d'Ornano and Isabella Maria Buonaparte (through whom his father was a second cousin of Napoleon).
His mother, who was born in Kiernozia, Poland, was a daughter of Count Mathieu Łączyński (starosta of Gostyń) and Eva Zaborowska.
[2] On 16 June 1845 Count d'Ornano married Aline Élisabeth, Marquise de Voyer d'Argenson (1826–1899), in Tours, France.