Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, PC (Portuguese pronunciation: [fɾɐ̃ˈsisku dʒi ˈpawlɐ ʁoˈdɾiɡiz ˈawvis]; 7 July 1848 – 16 January 1919) was a Brazilian politician who first served as president of the Province of São Paulo in 1887, then as Treasury minister in the 1890s.

During this term he remodeled the then Brazilian capital, Rio de Janeiro, an effort punctuated by the 1904 "Vaccine Revolt".

He was elected president for a second term in 1918, but died in the influenza pandemic before assuming power, on 16 January 1919.

Also during the period of the Empire of Brazil, he took office as president of the province of São Paulo, from 1887 until 1888.

He ran again for the presidency in 1918, won the election with over 99% of the vote, and was scheduled to take office on 15 November 1918.