The responsibilities of the county municipality include the running of 29 upper secondary schools as well as managing the county roadways, public transport, dental care, cultural affairs, and cultural heritage.

The county municipality also coordinates regional planning and economic development.

The Rogaland county council (Norwegian: Fylkestinget) is made up of 47 representatives that are elected every four years.

The council essentially acts as a Parliament or legislative body for the county and it meets about six times each year.

The council is divided into standing committees and an executive board (fylkesutvalg) which meet considerably more often.