Rohr im Gebirge is located in the Industrieviertel, the first industrialised part of Lower Austria.

Before the Common Era, the area was part of the Celtic kingdom of Noricum and was within the area of influence of the oppidum of Burg in Schwarzenbach on the Burgberg, which was the main settlement of the northeast part of the kingdom.

The Lords of Traisma are recorded as the first owners of the forests around Rohr im Gebirge.

In 1595, Gutenstein passed to the Barons von Hoyos (a family of Spanish origins), and in 1622 the parish was officially revived.

Between 1884 and 1894, roads were built to Gutenstein and over the Ochsattel into the valley of the River Traisen, ending the village's isolation.