At the same time, he actively supported Lithuanian book smugglers and was arrested by the Tsarist police in 1900 and exiled to Kazan.

In 1932, he resigned as chairman of the Lithuanian Red Cross due to disagreements with the authoritarian regime of President Antanas Smetona and devoted his time to his private medical practice.

Šliūpas was born in a well-off family in Rakandžiai [lt] near Gruzdžiai, then part of the Russian Empire, on 2 June 1865.

According to the memoirs of his brother, a noted Lithuania activist Jonas Šliūpas, the family told stories about their wealthy ancestors who traced back to the time of Grand Duke Vytautas (died in 1430).

He directed a mobile lazaretto organized by the Kaunas Red Cross Hospital, but as a politically unreliable activist he was reassigned to interior of Russia.

[3] Unlike many other activists of the time, Šliūpas was not keen on writing and contributed only a couple articles to the Lithuanian press.

[4] In 1932, Šliūpas resigned as chairman of the Lithuanian Red Cross due to disagreements with the authoritarian regime of President Antanas Smetona.

In April 1932, President Smetona adopted a law regulating the Lithuanian Red Cross – it became accountable to the Ministry of the Interior and was assigned a special government inspector who had broad powers to interfere in the society's activities.

[8] After the resignation from the Lithuanian Red Cross, Šliūpas lived in Garliava (he moved to nearby Pagiriai [lt] in 1939) and had a private medical practice.

After World War II, his three daughters retreated ahead of the advancing Red Army and eventually settled in the United States.

While his son Mindaugas Šliūpas, member of the Lithuania men's national basketball team, was arrested and deported to Siberia in 1945,[3] he managed to avoid Soviet repressions and worked as a director of the Garliava ambulatory in 1945–1949 and as vaccine administrator in 1949–1951.