He worked as a medical assistant for one year and as a university professor.

In 1991, he joined Iniciativa Canaria (ICAN), an organization which in 1993 merged with the Canarian Coalition (CC).

In 2004, as the internal tensions within the Canarian Coalition became more evident, Román Rodríguez Rodríguez headed a faction critical of the coalition, forming a new political group called Nueva Canarias.

Nevertheless, in the Spanish Congress of Deputies, he continues to sit as a member of the parliamentary group of the Canarian Coalition.

Since 18 July 2019 is the Vicepresident of Canary Islands as newly elected President Ángel Víctor Torres appointed him for a progressist coalition government.