Both were converted Vikings, the former having been baptized at Andover, England, by Aelfeah, Bishop of Winchester, and the latter at Rouen by Archbishop Robert.

Archbishop Birgerson was succeeded by Eysteinn Erlendsson (Beatus Augustinus, 1158–88), previously royal secretary and treasurer, a man of intellect, strong will, and piety.

[5] King Sverre wished to make the Church a tool of the temporal power, and the archbishop was compelled to flee from Norway to England.

Pope Innocent III gave Thorer, Archbishop of Drontheim, authority over all Scandinavian territory, including Greenland and Vinland, the Norse name for North America.

To regulate ecclesiastical affairs, which had suffered during the struggles with Sverre, Pope Innocent IV in 1247 sent Cardinal William of Sabina as legate to Norway.

Owing in great measure to the papal legates, Norway became more closely linked with the supreme head of Christendom at Rome.

Provincial councils were held, at which serious efforts were made to eliminate abuses and to encourage Christian education and morality.

There was situated the tomb of St. Olaf, and around the patron of Norway, "Rex perpetuus Norvegiae", the national and ecclesiastical life of the country was centred.

Some tails in B—mostly in the rubrics—are obviously dependent on the explanation of the mass in Micrologus, but most remarkable in perhaps that B seems to imply that the congregation is taking an active part in the offertory.

Manuscript D: In D everything before the canon is lacking, but in return this part exhibits close relationship to Irish and especially old Roman tradition: the last is undoubtedly because D evidently is influenced by the order of the mass in Micrologus.