There are six suffragan dioceses of the province: Roman Catholic Dioceses of Breda, of Groningen-Leeuwarden, of Haarlem-Amsterdam, of Roermond, of Rotterdam, and of 's-Hertogenbosch.

In the Middle Ages, the bishops of Utrecht were also prince-bishops of the Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht within the Holy Roman Empire.

Over the larger area outside the Prince-Bishopric, the bishop exercised only spiritual, not temporal, authority.

In 1580, the diocese was suppressed because of the rise of Protestantism.

The Dutch Mission in various forms took care of the spiritual needs of Catholics in the former diocese of Utrecht until the modern archdiocese was established in 1853.