[4] During the persecution of Diocletian there is a reference to a person named Januarius,[5] who together with Proculus his deacon and two laymen was imprisoned and beheaded at Pozzuoli in 305.

The See of Benevento was elevated in status to an archdiocese on 26 May 969, during a synod held at the Vatican Basilica by Pope John XIII.

The promotion of the See and of Archbishop Landolfo took place in the presence of, and at the request of, the Emperor Otto I and Prince Pandulph of Benevento and Capua, and his son Landulph.

The new metropolitanate had ten suffragan dioceses: Saint Agatha, Avellino, Alife, Ariana, Ascoli, Bibino (Bovinum), Larino, Quintodecimum (earlier at Aeculanum, then at Frigento), Telese, and Volturara.

[9] In August 1059 Pope Nicholas II held a synod at Benevento in the church of S. Peter outside the walls.

At the synod the Pope excommunicated the Emperor Henry IV and his antipope Wibert of Ravenna (called Clement III).

In the synod of 1108 he repeated his objections to lay investiture, and he forbade clerics from wearing expensive secular clothes.

In the synod of April 1117, he excommunicated Maurice Burdinus, Archbishop of Braga, the antipope (1118–1121) of Emperor Henry V, who called himself Gregory VIII.

[16] On 10 March 1119, Archbishop Landolfo held a provincial synod at Benevento, in which anathemas were threatened against persons who committed theft against church property or merchants.

[17] In 1374, Archbishop Hugo stated at a provincial council that the Church of Benevento had twenty-three suffragans, and that documents indicated that at one time it had had thirty-two.

Assunta in Cielo was founded in Lombard times, but was destroyed by Allied bombings in World War II; it has kept the medieval Romanesque façade and bell tower, and the 8th century crypt.

In 839 the alleged remains of Saint Bartholomew the Apostle were transferred to the Cathedral, to a chapel which had been built at the order of Prince Siccard of Benevento (d.