The Franciscan priest Antonio Margil encountered Adaes Native Americans near present-day Robeline.

At the tribe's request, he constructed the Mission of San Miguel de Linares, the first Catholic church in the region.

He later persuaded Natchitoches Bishop Augustus M. Martin to move the Bayou Pierre parish to Shreveport, which happened later in 1856.

[3] After working as a tutor to Protestant families for a year, Pierre built a wooden church in Shreveport.

[3] On his return from the First Vatican Council in 1870, Bishop of Natchitoches, Martin stopped in Brittany to recruit missioners.

The second bishop of Shreveport was Reverend Michael Duca from the Diocese of Dallas, appointed by Pope Benedict XVI in 2008.

[6][7][8] In 2020, the diocese has approved commencement of a cause for their canonization of Father Jean Pierre, a pioneer priest from the 19th century.

[9][10] In December 2022, Father Rothwell Price, pastor of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Parish, was named a Chaplain of His Holiness, with the title of Monsignor.

The assaults allegedly took place at St. John Berchmans Cathedral in Shreveport in 1982 before the diocese was erected.

[15] In May 2021, Reverend Seby Shan Chemmampallil from Christ The King Church in Bossier City was arrested on two counts each of possession of pornography involving juveniles under the age of 13, distribution of pornography involving juveniles under the age of 13 and sexual abuse of animals.