Spain has given full support to Romania's membership in the European Union and NATO.

Romania and Spain, although countries located at the two extremes of Europe, had at one point been part of the Roman Empire and have had numerous approaches and connections throughout history.

The first direct Spanish-Romanian political relations date back to the 15th century, when the Voivode of Transylvania, John Hunyadi and King Alfonso V of Aragon signed a cooperation treaty.

On 5 January 1967, Romania and Spain signed a consular and commercial agreement and in February 1977 both nations opened resident embassies in each other's capitals, respectively.

[1] Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as an Agreement on the regulation and organization of labor migration flows between both nations (2002); Agreement of Cooperation in the field of protection of unaccompanied Romanian minors in Spain, their repatriation, and the fight against their exploitation (2006); Agreement on Social Security (2006); Agreement of Cooperation in the fight against crime (2007); Security agreement on reciprocal protection of classified information (2011); Agreement on the operation of the Spanish Center of the Cervantes Institute in Bucharest and the Romanian Cultural Institute in Madrid (2012); Memorandum of Understanding between the National Institute of Romanian statistics and the Spanish National Statistical Institute on cooperation in the field of development of new methods and instruments for official statistics (2019); and a Memorandum of Understanding between the Romanian Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Spanish Chamber of Commerce (2019).