On 1 January 2015, it was superseded by a new local government body—the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital.

In 1923 the district of Rieti, formerly part of the province of Perugia, was annexed to that of Rome.

In 1927 the provincial territory was reduced through the creation of new provinces: Frosinone, Rieti and Viterbo.

After a few months, the comuni (municipalities) of Amaseno, Castro dei Volsci and Vallecorsa also were annexed to the province of Frosinone, while Monte Romano was annexed to that of Viterbo.

In 1934 the provincial territory lost its southern part, which became the new province of Latina.