[1][2] From 1925 to 1926 he was the bishop of Łomża; from 1926 to 1955, archbishop of Wilno (Vilnius); from 1945 to 1955 he was exiled and seated in Białystok (in the Polish part of his Archdiocese) for the Soviet occupation of Lithuania.

[2][3] While Jałbrzykowski was the Archbishop of Vilnius, Saint Faustina Kowalska was a nun at the convent there, and her confessor was Father Michael Sopocko.

[4] In 1939, a year after Faustina's death, Jałbrzykowski noticed that her predictions about the war had taken place and allowed public access to the Divine Mercy image.

[4]: 156 In 1940, after the transfer of the Vilnius Region to Lithuania under the Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty, Jałbrzykowski was informed by the Lithuanian authorities that he must leave the county.

Jałbrzykowski was attacked in the communist press in 1953, accused of being an "enemy of the people's democracy," "threatening patriotic priests with canonical punishment," and being a "servant of Vatican imperialism.