Deck (building)

In architecture, a deck is a flat surface capable of supporting weight, similar to a floor, but typically constructed outdoors, often elevated from the ground, and usually connected to a building.

Wood or timber decking can be used in a number of ways: as part of garden landscaping, to extend the living area of a house, and as an alternative to stone-based features such as patios.

Soon, the commercial logging of this tree and clearing of cedar swamps in New Jersey caused a decline in the availability of decking.

But even with chemical treatments (such as chromated copper arsenate or CCA), pine decking is not as durable as cedars in an outdoor environment.

[2] Both softwood and hardwood decks need to be finished after installation using either an oil or varnish to prevent weathering, wear, mould, algae and wood-boring insects.

Much of the logging of these woods, especially teak, mahogany and ipê, is illegal, as outlined in numerous reports by environmental organizations such as Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth and Rainforest Relief.

While this type of construction is common, it raises significant safety issues if the decks are not properly waterproofed and flashed.

In the United Kingdom the various bans on smoking in public buildings were expected to lead to an increase in the use of timber decking for outdoor spaces where smokers can gather.

Many deck failures result from improper construction, lack of maintenance, or aging materials, leading to collapses that can cause serious injuries.

Common issues identified during inspections include wood rot, corroded fasteners, weakened support posts, and improper flashing that leads to water damage.Building codes in various regions, such as California's SB 721[10] and SB 326, mandate periodic deck inspections, balconies, and other elevated structures in multi-family residential buildings to prevent failures.

Property owners and associations are often required to hire certified inspectors or structural engineers to assess load-bearing components and recommend repairs.Proper deck maintenance, including sealing wood surfaces, replacing damaged boards, and ensuring railings meet code requirements, is critical for extending the lifespan of the structure and reducing liability risks.

[1] High-rise commercial and residential buildings with rooftop decks often utilize urban landscaping techniques to create "green spaces" or "sky parks".

With this trend in outdoor living increasing, many landscape architecture firms are specialized in the design, construction and maintenance of these spaces.