Rosa Emilia Rodríguez-Vélez is an American lawyer who served as the United States attorney for the District of Puerto Rico from 2007 to 2019.

She is a career prosecutor, starting in the Puerto Rico Department of Justice and subsequently in the U.S. Attorney's office in San Juan.

She subsequently crossed over to the federal level, serving in different prosecution and managerial roles within the United States Attorney's office.

Her term as U.S. attorney ended on November 30, 2019, when she retired after 31 years of service in the United States Department of Justice.

In October 2010, she stood beside Attorney General Eric Holder at the Justice Department headquarters as he announced the arrest of 89 police officers and 44 other people in Puerto Rico for facilitating drug deals in Operation Guard Shack, in what has been described as the largest law enforcement corruption probe in FBI history.