The majority of the population is made up of average mixed-race Venezuelans, but there are Native American communities in the Western and Northern parts: Yukpa and Wayuu Indians.

There has been a serious conflict for several decades between the Native American population and the cattle ranchers for the use of the lands.

Annual precipitation is between 1228 and 2151 mm, with most rainfall between September and November, and the driest quarter between January and March.

[2] The municipality of Rosario de Perijá lies in the Cordillera Oriental Montane Forests ecoregion, and the major natural habitat type is tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests.

[3] Common birds include Great Egret (Ardea alba), Mealy Parrot (Amazona farinosa), Bicolored Wren (Campylorhynchus griseus), Brown-throated Parakeet (Aratinga pertinax), Tropical Kingbird (Tyrannus melancholicus), Carib Grackle (Quiscalus lugubris).