Rose Hill is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States.

[1] Built in the mid-1950s, Rose Hill is the largest of the subdivisions that make up the CDP, which is just southwest of Alexandria; others include Wilton Woods, Burgundy Village, and Winslow Heights.

[2] It is bordered to the north by the city of Alexandria, to the east by Huntington, to the south by Groveton and Hayfield, to the southwest by Kingstowne, and to the west by Franconia.

[1] The community of Rose Hill derives its name from an 18th-century plantation once located nearby; this was established by Daniel French, the first builder of Pohick Church,[3] on land that had been part of the Gunston Hall estate.

The house stood on high ground, and was described as having a fine view of the nearby valley and the Potomac River in the distance.

[5] On September 28, 1863, during the American Civil War, the house was the site of a raid by John S. Mosby and his raiders.

They had ridden into Alexandria in an attempt to capture Francis Harrison Pierpont, whom they expected to find at the City Hotel.

Discovering that he had left, the raiders burned a railroad bridge before heading along Telegraph Road to Rose Hill Plantation, where they sought Pierpont's aide, Col. Daniel F. Dulaney; the colonel's son, French, was among Mosby's company.

Neighbor Anne S. Frobel later wrote in her diary that a "party of Mosby’s boys came very unexpectedly to Rose Hill, and took off Col. Dulaney.

[6] In the years after the conflict, the area around Rose Hill was the site of farming and gravel mining operations.

[4] What is today the community of Rose Hill was established in 1954;[3] that same year the body of Daniel French Jr., which had been buried at the plantation at his death in 1771, was moved to Pohick Church.