'fountainhead', [ˌʁoʃ (h)aˈ(ʔ)ajin]; Arabic: روش هاعين) is a city in the Central District of Israel.

The location, and the ottoman Fort that had existed on the site since the 16th century, has historically been referred to as Ras Al-Ayn (Arabic: رأس العين, same meaning as the Hebrew name).

[5] Many of the early residents were religious Yemenite Jews airlifted to Israel in 1949 and 1950 in Operation Magic Carpet.

They added Biblical words from Exodus 19:4 to the city's logo: "I (God) carried You on eagles' wings."

In addition, a monastery dating to the Byzantine period was discovered on one of the hills in the area and included a church, an oil press, residential quarters, and stables equipped with mangers and troughs, etc.

[6] According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), in 2018, the ethnic make-up of the city was 97.9% Jewish, with a predominant number of young people below the age of 19.

These bus companies, especially Afikim, serve internal transit, and they connect Rosh HaAyin to nearby towns such as Kafr Qasim and Petah Tikva, to Tel Aviv, as well as along Highway 5 to the settlement of Ariel in the West Bank.

Eastbound Highway 5 crosses into the Occupied West Bank, passing through Kafr Qassem/Kafr 'Ein Checkpoint.

Southbound Highway 6 provides connections to Jerusalem, Ben Gurion Airport, and further south to Beersheba.