Rostarzewo [rɔstaˈʐɛvɔ] (German: Rothenburg an der Obra) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rakoniewice, within Grodzisk Wielkopolski County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

In 1746, the deserted village was declared a Hauländerei and was rebuilt by German Protestant settlers from Silesia.

In 1793, with the Second Partition of Poland the town was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia and was incorporated into the Bomst district.

Until the end of World War I in 1918, Rothenburg belonged to the Bomst district in the Prussian Province of Posen in Germany.

After the end of the war, the town became part of Poland and the name Rostarzewo was restored.