As the Australian continental shelf subducts under the Banda Arc, marine sediment is transferred to the upper plate, forming and accretionary wedge.

Most of the wedge is submarine, but some parts are exposed above sea level forming the islands of Sumba, Savu, Rote and Timor.

Researchers have investigated the biostratigraphy of microfossils to time the uplift of these islands and the rate at which they rose from below sea level.

The Neogene Batu Putih Formation is a deposit of chalk, 100s of meters thick, that accumulated on top of the Banda Fore Arc accretionary wedge.

[3] By studying the faunal succession and thickness of chalk deposits, researchers have determined that the accretionary wedge began forming at least 5.6 million years ago.

More work is needed to understand the crustal and tectonic mechanisms that are at play in the development of the Rote and Savu islands.

[3] There is a daily ferry to the island from Kupang, the provincial capital on West Timor, which provides transport for local passengers and goods as well as tourists.

Rote consists of rolling hills, terraced plantations, acacia palm, savanna and some forests.

The Rotinese depend, like the Savunese, on the lontar palm not only for basic survival but also as a supplement to their income from fishing and jewelry making.

Fishing is also important, especially in the eastern village of Papela (east of Londalusi in the map), which has led to disputes with Australia over the water between them.

[5] Rote has many historical relics including fine antique Chinese porcelain, as well as ancient arts and traditions.

[8] The ti'i langga is a traditional hat with a horn-like protrusion at the top that is a symbol of Rote cultural identity.