Johan Peter Rottler (June 1749 – 24 January 1836) was a Dutch missionary and botanist, most associated with the Danish Mission in Tranquebar and later Vepery, Chennai in southern India.
He was ordained, and went as a missionary to southern India in 1776 at the recommendation of Dr Freylinghausen of Halle.
Continuing the work of earlier naturalists in the region including Johann Gerhard König, Rottler became an enthusiastic botanist, who collected more than 2000 plant samples from southern India and sent them to Europe for study and research.
A trunk full of plant specimens was sent to the Great Herbarium of King's College London.
In 1803, Rottler was put in charge of the Vepery mission to replace Paezold who had moved to teach Tamil at the Fort William College.