Until 1 January 2007 Rougsø municipality was a municipality (Danish, kommune) in the former Aarhus County on the east coast of the Jutland peninsula in central Denmark.
It covered an area of 224 km², and had a total population of 8.078 (2005).
The site of its municipal council was Allingåbro.
Other towns in the municipality were Gjesing, Holbæk, Nørager, Vivild, and Ørsted.
This created a municipality with an area of 661 km² and a total population of 34,382 (2005).