He has previously played for Ottawa Senators and San Jose Sharks of the National Hockey League (NHL).

[8] Chartier as a free agent from the Sharks sat out the entirety of the 2019–20 season, due to lingering post-concussion symptoms.

Approaching the 2021–22 season, Chartier attended Belleville Senators' training camp and made the opening night roster on a professional try-out basis.

[11] In elevating his play, Chartier solidified his role within Belleville and after posting 10 goals and 23 points through 30 games was belatedly signed to a AHL contract on March 15, 2022.

[25] Chartier was sent to and recalled from Belleville in a paper transaction at the trade deadline on March 9 that allowed him to play in the AHL playoffs.

[27] On July 18, 2024, having left the Senators organization after three seasons, Chartier signed as a free agent with Chinese-based club, Kunlun Red Star of the Kontinental Hockey League, on an initial one-year contract.

[28] After recording 17 points in 37 games for Kunlun, Chartier was traded on December 26 to HC CSKA Moscow for cash.