Roussillon (French pronunciation: [ʁusijɔ̃] ⓘ; Occitan: Rossilhon) is a commune in the Vaucluse department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France.

The village stands on an ochre ridge, situated in a broad valley with the "Monts du Vaucluse" to the north and the "Petit" Luberon to the south.

Nowadays the mining of ochre is prohibited here, in order to protect the sites from degradation or even complete destruction.

During the 18th century, increasing demand for pigments in the textile industry led to intensified mining of ochres in Roussillon.

The quarries and factories were established in the villages of Roussillon, Villars, Gargas, Rustrel (with its Colorado provençal) and Gignac.

Wine-making is very important and there are several wineries producing red, rosé, and white wines within the Ventoux AOC.