The men's coxless pairs competition at the 1956 Summer Olympics took place at Lake Wendouree near Ballarat, Australia.

The competition was won by James Fifer and Duvall Hecht representing the United States.

[1] In the heats the first two pairs advanced directly to semi-finals.

The others competed in the repechage for the remaining spots in the semi-finals.

The first two pairs advanced directly to the final.