The women's quadruple sculls rowing competition at the 1980 Summer Olympics took place at Krylatskoye Sports Complex Canoeing and Rowing Basin, Moscow, Soviet Union.

The event was held from 21 to 26 July.

[1] Whilst the equivalent men's event was coxless, the women's event was coxed.

Winner of each heat advanced to final.

The remaining teams must compete in repechage for the remaining spots in the final.