Sir Rowland Cotton (baptized 29 January 1581 – died 22 August 1634) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1605 and 1629.

He matriculated from St John's College, Cambridge in 1596 and was admitted at Lincoln's Inn on 13 June 1599.

He was appointed also High Sheriff of Shropshire for 1616–17 and the following year a member of Council of the Marches for life.

He was elected MP for Newcastle-under-Lyme again in 1628 and sat until 1629 when Charles I decided to rule without parliament for eleven years.

The parish church St Chad's contains a monument with effigies of Cotton and his first wife, Frances.