Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya are about 5.5 km to the west of the city of Kandy in the Central Province of Sri Lanka.

The total area of the botanical garden is 147 acres (0.59 km2), at 460 meters above sea level, and with a 200-day annual rainfall.

A temple was built on this location by King Wimala Dharma, but it was destroyed by the British when they were given control over the Kingdom of Kandy.

The Royal Botanic Garden, Peradeniya was made more independent and expanded under George Gardner as superintendent in 1844.

One item with a significant history is the Cannonball Tree planted by King George V of the United Kingdom and Queen Mary in 1901.