The Danish name for the orchestra indicates its original function as an ensemble geared to supplying the music for court events.

Its leaders included Christoph Willibald Gluck, who composed the music for special occasions such as the celebration of the birth, in 1749, of the later King Christian VII, whilst in Denmark.

King Frederik IX enjoyed a particularly close relationship with the Royal Danish Orchestra, pursuing with its members his interest for the art of conducting.

[2] In May 2012, the orchestra announced the appointment of Michael Boder as its next chief conductor and artistic advisor, effective August 2012.

In February 2022, the orchestra announced the appointment of Marie Jacquot as its next music director, effective with the 2024–2025 season, with an initial contract of 5 years.