Rudolph Ernst Brünnow (February 7, 1858 in Ann Arbor, Michigan – April 14, 1917 in Bar Harbor, Maine) was a German-American orientalist and philologist.

They surveyed the site at Petra and made the first modern map of this former capital of the Nabatean empire.

In 1909 Brünnow was the recipient of the Lucy Wharton Drexel Medal for his archeological work in Assyria and Arabia.

In addition to the German and English languages he mastered French, ancient Greek, Latin, Turkish and Assyrian.

Brünnow was appointed as the Bar Harbor Village Improvement Association Path Committee Chairman in 1912, a position he remained at until his death in 1917.