From 1640, the space today found between the streets of the Colosseum and Berri, the Avenue des Champs-Élysées and the Rue du Faubourg-Saint-Honoré was occupied by the Royal nursery, which supplied the royal residences with trees, shrubs and flowers.

She then sold it in 1772 to the Comte d'Artois, who later became King Charles X, Louis XVI's younger brother.

Planning approval via letters patent was given on 29 November 1777, which allowed the prince to cut through land from the Rue d'Angoulême with a width of 30 feet (9.1 m), and to name it in honour of his eldest son Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême (1775–1844).

An alignment report was drawn up by the office of the City of Paris on 24 November 1778, allowing a ministerial decision to be taken on 6 Nivôse XII (27 December 1803), which set the width of the street to 10 metres (33 ft).

It then resumed its original name until 1830, when it became Rue de la Charte (Charter Street).