The season started on 29 August 2009 and finished with the championship final on 29 May 2010, interrupted by a winter break from early December to late March.

In the 2010 final, SC 1880 lost to Heidelberger RK, the previous seasons runners-up, which won its first championship since 1986 and its seventh overall.

However, RC Luxembourg's application was declared valid in regard to the German Rugby Federation's rules and regulations and the team finished second in the promotion round, earning a place in the 2nd Bundesliga for 2009-10.

It marks the first time since introduction of the single-division Bundesliga in 2001, that ten teams competed in the league.

This change of modus was decided upon on 19 July 2008 at the annual general meeting of the German rugby association, the DRV.

Suffering from a string of injuries, especially to its forward line, and heavy defeats during the season, ASV Köln Rugby made the decision in mid-April 2010, to withdraw from the Rugby-Bundesliga and not to play its five remaining matches.

It also meant, for the first time ever, that no club from Hanover would compete at the top level of German rugby.