Ruhlandⓘ (Sorbian: Rólany) is a town in the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district, in Upper Lusatia, Brandenburg, in eastern Germany.

It is situated on the river Schwarze Elster, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southwest of Senftenberg.

Ruhland station is a major railway junction, for freight and for passenger services.

The hourly 4-way connection between locomotive-hauled passenger services converging from Hoyerswerda, Cottbus, Leipzig and Dresden is a most impressive sight.

The town was at various times ruled by Bohemian, Hungarian, Saxon and Polish monarchs, before it was annexed by Prussia in 1815.