Rukainiai (Lithuanian: Rukainiai; Polish: Rukojnie) is a village in the Vilnius District Municipality, Lithuania, located 12 km east of Vilnius city municipality, the Lithuanian capital, and 16 km from the border with Belarus.

Rukainiai is known from 1440 when Grand Duke Sigismund Kęstutaitis donated the village to the Archdiocese of Vilnius.

Bishop Paweł Holszański, a member of the Lithuanian princely Olshanski family, sponsored the construction of a wooden church in 1538.

Paweł Ksawery Brzostowski, famous as the founder of the Republic of Paulava, served as a priest in the newly built church.

[2] Rukainiai is famous for its Christmas and Užgavėnės traditions.