[2] In the United States, jogging gained popularity after World War II, and has largely been portrayed by American media as an activity typically engaged in by White people; joggers of color are treated with suspicion.
"[4] In 2021, Lyndsey Hornbuckle found that the issue was particularly common when Black people were running in White neighborhoods, and especially higher socioeconomic White neighborhoods.
[5] Sonia Sanchez's 1968 play The Bronx is Next includes a scene in which a White police officer arrests a Black person for running while Black.
[6] The 2001 US Supreme Court case Illinois v. Wardlow, which upheld the legality of a police search of a person based on the person running from police, has been described by civil libertarians as creating a new criminal offense of "running while black.
"[7][8] Examples of racial incidents due to "running while Black" also include the 2015 death of Freddie Gray in Baltimore,[9][10][11] the 2015 arrest of Jimmy Thoronka in London,[12] a 2019 incident in Vancouver, Canada,[13] and the 2020 murder of Ahmaud Arbery in Georgia, U.S.[14][15][16][17]